Papers

1.Kurt Thomas, Sai Teja Peddinti, Sarah Meiklejohn, Tara Matthews, Amelia Hassoun, Animesh Srivastava, Jessica McClearn, Patrick Gage Kelley, Sunny Consolvo, Nina Taft. Understanding Help Seeking for Digital Privacy, Safety, and Security. Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies (PoPETs), Vol. 2027.

help-seekingprivacysecuritydigital safetyredditadvice

2.Sarah Meiklejohn, Sunny Consolvo, Patrick Gage Kelley, Tara Matthews, Sai Teja Peddinti, Renee Shelby, Lenin Simicich, Kurt Thomas. HelpBench: Assessing the Ability of LLMs to Provide Privacy, Safety, and Security Advice. arXiv preprint arXiv:2606.24819, 2026.

help-seekingprivacysecuritygenerative aiaibenchmark

3.Patrick Gage Kelley, Derrick Feldmann, Reena Jana, Colleen Thompson-Kuhn, Allison Woodruff. Why and How People Check Generative AI Output for Mistakes. Proceedings of the AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society (AIES '26), 2026.

aigenerative aimistakeswarningsdigital literacyai literacy

4.Patrick Gage Kelley, Steven Rousso-Schindler, Renee Shelby, Kurt Thomas, Allison Woodruff. How Generative AI Empowers Attackers and Defenders Across the Trust & Safety Landscape. Proceedings of the ACM CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '26), Barcelona, Spain, 1316:1–1316:21, 2026.

generative aifrontier aitrust & safetychild safetyelection integrityhateharassmentscamsviolent extremism

5.Jake Chanenson, Tara Matthews, Sunny Consolvo, Patrick Gage Kelley, Jessica McClearn, Sarah Meiklejohn, Abhishek Roy, Renee Shelby, Kurt Thomas, Amelia Hassoun. "It didn't feel right but I needed a job so desperately": Understanding People's Emotions and Help Needs During Scams. Proceedings of the ACM CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '26), Barcelona, Spain, 1312:1–1312:22, 2026.

scamshelp-seekingsafetyuser states frameworkat-risk usersdigital safetytechnology-facilitated abuse

6.Sharon Heung, Claire Florence Weizenegger, Mo Houtti, Sunny Consolvo, Patrick Gage Kelley, Tara Matthews, Renee Shelby, Kurt Thomas, Ashley Marie Walker. Who Is At Risk? Examining the Prevalence of Digital-Safety Attacks and Contextual Risk Factors in the United States. Proceedings of the ACM CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '26), Barcelona, Spain, 1214:1–1214:30, 2026.

at-risk userssurveydigital safetyresearch methodsattitudesmeasurement

7.Dunstan Allison-Hope, Patrick Gage Kelley, Reena Jana, Angela McKay, Allison Woodruff. Ten Insights from Other Domains That Inform Responsible AI Frameworks. Proceedings of the AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society (AIES '25), 8(1):104–115, 2025.

frameworkaigenerative aipolicyregulationgdpr

8.Diana Freed, Sunny Consolvo, Dan Cosley, Patrick Gage Kelley, Ender Ricart, Kurt Thomas, Natalie N. Bazarova. Help-seeking and Coping Strategies for Technology-facilitated Abuse Experienced by Youth. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction (PACM HCI), 9(2):1–25, 2025. (CSCW 2025.).

digital safetyhelp-seekingcopingyouthteenssecurityprivacytechnology-facilitated abuse

9.Diana Kramer, Lambert Rosique, Ajay Narotam, Elie Bursztein, Patrick Gage Kelley, Kurt Thomas, Allison Woodruff. Integrating Large Language Models into Security Incident Response. Proceedings of the 21st Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security (SOUPS '25), Seattle, WA, 133–148, 2025.

aigenerative aisecurityincident responsesummarization

10.Alexandra Klymenko, Stephen Meisenbacher, Patrick Gage Kelley, Sai Teja Peddinti, Kurt Thomas, Florian Matthes. "We are not Future-ready": Understanding AI Privacy Risks and Existing Mitigation Strategies from the Perspective of AI Developers in Europe. Proceedings of the 21st Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security (SOUPS '25), Seattle, WA, 113–132, 2025.

privacydevelopersframeworkaigenerative ai

11.Diana Freed, Natalie N. Bazarova, Sunny Consolvo, Dan Cosley, Patrick Gage Kelley. PROTECT: A Framework to Foster Digital Resilience for Youth Navigating Technology-Facilitated Abuse. Social Sciences, 14(6):378, 2025.

youthdigital resilienceinterventionsdigital well-beingdigital safetytechnology-facilitated abuse

12.Tara Matthews, Elie Bursztein, Patrick Gage Kelley, Lea Kissner, Andreas Kramm, Andrew Oplinger, Andreas Schou, Manya Sleeper, Stephan Somogyi, Dalila Szostak, Kurt Thomas, Anna Turner, Jill Palzkill Woelfer, Lawrence L. You, Izzie Zahorian, Sunny Consolvo. Supporting the Digital Safety of At-Risk Users: Lessons Learned from 9+ Years of Research and Training. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (ToCHI), 32(3):22:1–22:39, 2025.

at-risk usersdigital safetyprivacysecurityabuseframeworkuser states frameworkdesign principlestechnology-facilitated abuse

13.Kurt Thomas, Patrick Gage Kelley, David Tao, Sarah Meiklejohn, Owen Vallis, Shunwen Tan, Blaž Bratanič, Felipe Tiengo Ferreira, Vijay Kumar Eranti, Elie Bursztein. Supporting Human Raters with the Detection of Harmful Content Using Large Language Models. Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (S&P '25), 2772–2789, 2025.

content moderationaigenerative aitrust & safety

14.Kimberly Ruth, Veronica A. Rivera, Gautam Akiwate, Aurore Fass, Patrick Gage Kelley, Kurt Thomas, Zakir Durumeric. "Perfect is the Enemy of Good": The CISO's Role in Enterprise Security as a Business Enabler. Proceedings of the ACM CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '25), 918:1–918:19, 2025.

cisosecurityenterprisebusinessdecision-making

15.Amelia Hassoun, Ian Beacock, Todd Carmody, Patrick Gage Kelley, Beth Goldberg, Devika Kumar, Laura Murray, Rebekah Su Park, Behzad Sarmadi, Sunny Consolvo. Beyond Digital Literacy: Building Youth Digital Resilience Through Existing "Information Sensibility" Practices. Social Sciences, 14(4):230, 2025. Special Issue: Promoting the Digital Resilience of Youth.

information sensibilityyouthgen zsocial mediadigital literacyonline informationdigital resilienceinterventions

16.Miranda Wei, Sunny Consolvo, Patrick Gage Kelley, Tadayoshi Kohno, Tara Matthews, Sarah Meiklejohn, Franziska Roesner, Renee Shelby, Kurt Thomas, Rebecca Umbach. Understanding Help-Seeking and Help-Giving on Social Media for Image-Based Sexual Abuse. Proceedings of the 33rd USENIX Security Symposium, Philadelphia, PA, 2024.

help-seekingaigenerative aiibsaadvicereddittechnology-facilitated abuse

17.Rosanna Bellini, Emily Tseng, Noel Warford, Alaa Daffalla, Tara Matthews, Sunny Consolvo, Jill Palzkill Woelfer, Patrick Gage Kelley, Michelle L. Mazurek, Dana Cuomo, Nicola Dell, Thomas Ristenpart. SoK: Safer Digital-Safety Research Involving At-Risk Users. Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (S&P '24), San Francisco, CA, 2024.

at-risk usersresearch methodssafetyresearcher safetyexperts

18.Allison Woodruff, Renee Shelby, Patrick Gage Kelley, Steven Rousso-Schindler, Jamila Smith-Loud, Lauren Wilcox. How Knowledge Workers Think Generative AI Will (Not) Transform Their Industries. Proceedings of the ACM CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '24), 641:1–641:26, 2024.

generative aiknowledge workindustriesaipublic opinionworkplace

19.Patrawat Samermit, Anna Turner, Patrick Gage Kelley, Tara Matthews, Vanessia Wu, Sunny Consolvo, Kurt Thomas. "Millions of people are watching you": Understanding the Digital-Safety Needs and Practices of Creators. Proceedings of the 32nd USENIX Security Symposium, Anaheim, CA, 5629–5645, 2023.

digital safetyat-risk userscreatorsprivacysecurityabuseharassment

20.Patrick Gage Kelley, Celestina Cornejo, Lisa Hayes, Ellie Shuo Jin, Aaron Sedley, Kurt Thomas, Yongwei Yang, Allison Woodruff. "There will be less privacy, of course": How and Why People in 10 Countries Expect AI Will Affect Privacy in the Future. Proceedings of the 19th Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security (SOUPS '23), 579–603, 2023.

privacysurveypublic opinionaiattitudes

21.Amelia Hassoun, Ian Beacock, Sunny Consolvo, Beth Goldberg, Patrick Gage Kelley, Daniel M. Russell. Practicing Information Sensibility: How Gen Z Engages with Online Information. Proceedings of the ACM CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '23), 662:1–662:17, 2023.

🏆 CHI Honorable Mention Award.

information literacyinformation sensibilityteensyouthgen zsearchsocial mediamisinformationdisinformationrumors

22.Miranda Wei, Sunny Consolvo, Patrick Gage Kelley, Tadayoshi Kohno, Franziska Roesner, Kurt Thomas. "There's so much responsibility on users right now:" Expert Advice for Staying Safer From Hate and Harassment. Proceedings of the ACM CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '23), Hamburg, Germany, 2023.

securityprivacyhateharassmentadvice

23.Diana Freed, Natalie N. Bazarova, Sunny Consolvo, Eunice Han, Patrick Gage Kelley, Kurt Thomas, Dan Cosley. Understanding Digital-Safety Experiences of Youth in the U.S.. Proceedings of the ACM CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '23), Hamburg, Germany, 2023.

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24.Allison Woodruff, Annica Schjott Voneche, Kelly Thunstrom, Reena Jana, Rebecca L. Hardy, Derek R. Aoki, Patrick Gage Kelley. "Discover AI in Daily Life": An AI Literacy Lesson for Middle School Students. Proceedings of the 54th ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education (SIGCSE '23), Vol. 2, 1327, 2023.

aigenerative aidigital literacyai literacyactivityeducation

25.Noel Warford, Tara Matthews, Kaitlyn Yang, Omer Akgul, Sunny Consolvo, Patrick Gage Kelley, Nathan Malkin, Michelle L. Mazurek, Manya Sleeper, Kurt Thomas. SoK: A Framework for Unifying At-Risk User Research. Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (S&P '22), San Francisco, CA, 2344–2360, 2022.

at-risk usersresearch methodssoksynthesis

26.Kurt Thomas, Patrick Gage Kelley, Sunny Consolvo, Patrawat Samermit, Elie Bursztein. "It's common and a part of being a content creator": Understanding How Creators Experience and Cope With Hate and Harassment Online. Proceedings of the ACM CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '22), New Orleans, LA, 2022.

securityprivacyhateharassmentcreatorscontent moderation

27.Sunny Consolvo, Patrick Gage Kelley, Tara Matthews, Kurt Thomas, Lee Dunn, Elie Bursztein. "Why wouldn't someone think of democracy as a target?": Security Practices & Challenges of People Involved with U.S. Political Campaigns. Proceedings of the 30th USENIX Security Symposium, 2021.

🏆 USENIX Security Distinguished Paper Award.

at-risk userspolitical campaignsdigital safetysecurityprivacy

28.Deepak Kumar, Patrick Gage Kelley, Sunny Consolvo, Joshua Mason, Elie Bursztein, Zakir Durumeric, Kurt Thomas, Michael Bailey. Designing Toxic Content Classification for a Diversity of Perspectives. Proceedings of the 17th Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security (SOUPS '21), 299–318, 2021.

content moderationhateharassmentat-risk userssurveymachine learningdiversity

29.Kurt Thomas, Devdatta Akhawe, Michael Bailey, Dan Boneh, Elie Bursztein, Sunny Consolvo, Nicola Dell, Zakir Durumeric, Patrick Gage Kelley, Deepak Kumar, Damon McCoy, Sarah Meiklejohn, Thomas Ristenpart, Gianluca Stringhini. SoK: Hate, Harassment, and the Changing Landscape of Online Abuse. Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (S&P '21), San Francisco, CA, 247–267, 2021.

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30.Patrick Gage Kelley, Yongwei Yang, Courtney Heldreth, Christopher Moessner, Aaron Sedley, Andreas Kramm, David T. Newman, Allison Woodruff. Exciting, Useful, Worrying, Futuristic: Public Perception of Artificial Intelligence in 8 Countries. Proceedings of the 2021 AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society (AIES '21), 627–637, 2021.

aipublic opinionsurveyattitudesglobal

31.Kurt Thomas, Jennifer Pullman, Kevin Yeo, Ananth Raghunathan, Patrick Gage Kelley, Luca Invernizzi, Borbala Benko, Tadek Pietraszek, Sarvar Patel, Dan Boneh, Elie Bursztein. Protecting Accounts from Credential Stuffing with Password Breach Alerting. Proceedings of the 28th USENIX Security Symposium, 1556–1571, 2019.

passwordscredential stuffingaccount securityprivacysecurityauthenticationdata breaches

32.Wei Bai, Doowon Kim, Moses Namara, Yichen Qian, Patrick Gage Kelley, Michelle L. Mazurek. Balancing Security and Usability in Encrypted Email. IEEE Internet Computing, 21(3):30–38, 2017.

encryptionsecurityusabilitymessagingemail

33.Wei Bai, Doowon Kim, Moses Namara, Yichen Qian, Patrick Gage Kelley, Michelle L. Mazurek. An Inconvenient Trust: User Attitudes toward Security and Usability Tradeoffs for Key-Directory Encryption Systems. Proceedings of the 12th Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security (SOUPS '16), 113–130, 2016.

encryptionsecurityusabilitymessagingmental models

34.Steven Garcia, Patrick Gage Kelley, Yin Yang. Fast Image Segmentation on Mobile Phone Using Multi-Level Graph Cut. Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2015, 81–88, 2015.

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35.Manya Sleeper, Alessandro Acquisti, Lorrie Faith Cranor, Patrick Gage Kelley, Sean A. Munson, Norman Sadeh. I Would Like To…, I Shouldn't…, I Wish I…: Exploring Behavior-Change Goals for Social Networking Sites. Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work & Social Computing (CSCW '15), 1058–1069, 2015.

goalssocial networksfacebooktwitterinstagramsurveysocial mediadigital well-being

36.Torin Adamson, John Baxter, Kasra Manavi, April Suknot, Bruna Jacobson, Patrick Gage Kelley, Lydia Tapia. Molecular Tetris: Crowdsourcing Molecular Docking Using Path-Planning and Haptic Devices. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Motion in Games (MIG '14), 133–138, 2014.

probabilistic roadmap methodsmolecular dockinghapticscrowdsourcing

37.April Suknot, Timothy Chavez, Nathan Rackley, Patrick Gage Kelley. Immaculacy: A Game of Privacy. Proceedings of the First ACM SIGCHI Annual Symposium on Computer-Human Interaction in Play (CHI PLAY '14), 383–386, 2014.

privacysecurityinteractive storygame design

38.Justin Cranshaw, Kurt Luther, Patrick Gage Kelley, Norman Sadeh. Curated City: Capturing Individual City Guides Through Social Curation. Proceedings of the ACM CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '14), 3249–3258, 2014.

location-based serviceslocal searchmental mapssocial computingneighborhoodsurban computingsocial curation

39.Michelle L. Mazurek, Saranga Komanduri, Timothy Vidas, Lujo Bauer, Nicolas Christin, Lorrie Faith Cranor, Patrick Gage Kelley, Richard Shay, Blase Ur. Measuring Password Guessability for an Entire University. Proceedings of the ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer & Communications Security (CCS '13), 173–186, 2013.

passwordsauthenticationpassword securitypassword strengthguessabilitysecurity

40.Manya Sleeper, Justin Cranshaw, Patrick Gage Kelley, Blase Ur, Alessandro Acquisti, Lorrie Faith Cranor, Norman Sadeh. "i read my Twitter the next morning and was astonished": A Conversational Perspective on Twitter Regrets. Proceedings of the ACM CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '13), 3277–3286, 2013.

twitterregretsmessagingconversationsurveyattitudesdeletion

41.Patrick Gage Kelley, Lorrie Faith Cranor, Norman Sadeh. Privacy as Part of the App Decision-Making Process. Proceedings of the ACM CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '13), 2013.

privacyandroidmobileuser interfacesdecision-makingpermissionsinformation design

42.Patrick Gage Kelley, Saranga Komanduri, Michelle L. Mazurek, Richard Shay, Timothy Vidas, Lujo Bauer, Nicolas Christin, Lorrie Faith Cranor. The Impact of Length and Mathematical Operators on the Usability and Security of System-Assigned One-Time PINs. Proceedings of the International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security (FC '13), 34–51, 2013.

passwordsauthenticationusabilitysecuritysystem-assigned passwordspins

43.Blase Ur, Patrick Gage Kelley, Saranga Komanduri, Joel Lee, Michael Maass, Michelle L. Mazurek, Timothy Passaro, Richard Shay, Timothy Vidas, Lujo Bauer, Nicolas Christin, Lorrie Faith Cranor. How Does Your Password Measure Up? The Effect of Strength Meters on Password Creation. Proceedings of the 21st USENIX Security Symposium, 2012.

passwordsusabilitysecuritypassword strengthmetersdesign

44.Richard Shay, Patrick Gage Kelley, Saranga Komanduri, Michelle L. Mazurek, Blase Ur, Timothy Vidas, Lujo Bauer, Nicolas Christin, Lorrie Faith Cranor. Correct Horse Battery Staple: Exploring the Usability of System-Assigned Passphrases. Proceedings of the 8th Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security (SOUPS '12), 2012.

passphrasessystem-assigned passwordsusabilitypassword composition policiespasswordssecurity

45.Patrick Gage Kelley, Saranga Komanduri, Michelle L. Mazurek, Richard Shay, Timothy Vidas, Lujo Bauer, Nicolas Christin, Lorrie Faith Cranor. Guess Again (and Again and Again): Measuring Password Strength by Simulating Password-Cracking Algorithms. Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (S&P '12), 2012.

🏆 IEEE S&P 2023 Test of Time Award.

passwordssecurityusabilitypassword strengthguessability

46.Jason Wiese, Patrick Gage Kelley, Lorrie Faith Cranor, Laura Dabbish, Jason I. Hong, John Zimmerman. Are You Close with Me? Are You Nearby? Investigating Social Groups, Closeness, and Willingness to Share. Proceedings of the 13th ACM International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing (UbiComp '11), 2011.

privacysocial networksrelationshipstie strength

47.Patrick Gage Kelley, Robin Brewer, Yael Mayer, Lorrie Faith Cranor, Norman Sadeh. An Investigation into Facebook Friend Grouping. Proceedings of INTERACT 2011, Lisbon, Portugal, 2011.

🏆 Honorable Mention, Best Student Paper.

groupingsocial networksprivacyaccess controlfacebookprivacy controls

48.Saranga Komanduri, Richard Shay, Patrick Gage Kelley, Michelle L. Mazurek, Lujo Bauer, Nicolas Christin, Lorrie Faith Cranor. Of Passwords and People: Measuring the Effect of Password-Composition Policies. Proceedings of the ACM CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '11), 2011.

🏆 CHI 2011 Best Paper Honorable Mention.

securityusabilitypasswordspolicypassword composition policiespassword strength

49.Patrick Gage Kelley, Michael Benisch, Lorrie Faith Cranor, Norman Sadeh. When Are Users Comfortable Sharing Locations with Advertisers?. Proceedings of the ACM CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '11), 2011.

location sharingadvertisingprivacyexpressiveness

50.Michael Benisch, Patrick Gage Kelley, Norman Sadeh, Lorrie Faith Cranor. Capturing Location-Privacy Preferences: Quantifying Accuracy and User-Burden Tradeoffs. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, 15(7), 2010. Presented at UbiComp 2010.

securityprivacylocation sharingusabilitymobile and pervasive computing

51.Eran Toch, Justin Cranshaw, Paul Hankes Drielsma, Janice Tsai, Patrick Gage Kelley, Lorrie Faith Cranor, Jason I. Hong, Norman Sadeh. Empirical Models of Privacy in Location Sharing. Proceedings of the 12th ACM International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing (UbiComp '10), 2010.

location sharingprivacymobile social technology

52.Richard Shay, Saranga Komanduri, Patrick Gage Kelley, Pedro G. Leon, Michelle L. Mazurek, Lujo Bauer, Nicolas Christin, Lorrie Faith Cranor, Serge Egelman. Encountering Stronger Password Requirements: User Attitudes and Behaviors. Proceedings of the 6th Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security (SOUPS '10), 2010.

securityusabilitypasswordspolicysurveypassword composition policiespassword strength

53.Janice Tsai, Patrick Gage Kelley, Lorrie Faith Cranor, Norman Sadeh. Location-Sharing Technologies: Privacy Risks and Controls. I/S: A Journal of Law and Policy for the Information Society, 6:119, 2010.

location sharingprivacygpsprivacy controls

54.Patrick Gage Kelley, Lucian Cesca, Joanna Bresee, Lorrie Faith Cranor. Standardizing Privacy Notices: An Online Study of the Nutrition Label Approach. Proceedings of the ACM CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '10), 2010.

🏆 Selected for the Privacy Papers for Policy Makers publication, Future of Privacy Forum.

privacypolicyp3pinformation designstandardization

55.Aleecia M. McDonald, Robert W. Reeder, Patrick Gage Kelley, Lorrie Faith Cranor. A Comparative Study of Online Privacy Policies and Formats. Proceedings of the 9th Privacy Enhancing Technologies Symposium (PETS '09), 2009.

privacyprivacy policyinformation designstandardizationsurveyusabilitynotice

56.Ramprasad Ravichandran, Michael Benisch, Patrick Gage Kelley, Norman Sadeh. Capturing Social Networking Privacy Preferences: Can Default Policies Help Alleviate Tradeoffs between Expressiveness and User Burden?. Proceedings of the 9th Privacy Enhancing Technologies Symposium (PETS '09), 2009.

user modelingprivacymining default policiessocial networksmachine learning

57.Norman Sadeh, Jason I. Hong, Lorrie Faith Cranor, Ian Fette, Patrick Gage Kelley, Madhu Prabaker, Jinghai Rao. Understanding and Capturing People's Privacy Policies in a People Finder Application. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, 13(6), August 2009.

location sharingprivacygpsprivacy controls

58.Eran Toch, Ramprasad Ravichandran, Lorrie Faith Cranor, Paul Hankes Drielsma, Jason I. Hong, Patrick Gage Kelley, Norman Sadeh, Janice Tsai. Analyzing Use of Privacy Policy Attributes in a Location Sharing Application. Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security (SOUPS '09), 2009.

location sharingprivacygpsprivacy controls

59.Patrick Gage Kelley, Joanna Bresee, Robert W. Reeder, Lorrie Faith Cranor. Design of a Privacy Label. Proceedings of the 5th Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security (SOUPS '09), 2009.

🏆 1st Place, ACM SIGCHI Student Research Competition, 2009.

privacyp3ppolicyuser interfacesinformation designlabelingnutrition label

60.Janice Tsai, Patrick Gage Kelley, Paul Hankes Drielsma, Lorrie Faith Cranor, Jason I. Hong, Norman Sadeh. Who's Viewed You? The Impact of Feedback in a Mobile-Location System. Proceedings of the ACM CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '09), 2009.

context-awarenesslocation sharingmobile social technologyinformation disclosureprivacy

61.Elizabeth DeBartolo, Margaret Bailey, Melissa Zaczek, Timothy Schriefer, Patrick Gage Kelley, Mallika Ramaswamy, Nicholas Ryczko. Traveling Engineering Activity Kits – Energy and the Environment. Proceedings of the ASEE Annual Conference, Honolulu, HI, 2007.

engineeringeducationactivityworkshop

1.Patrick Gage Kelley. Defining the Foundations for Consent with AI Systems. CHI 2026 Workshop "Moving Beyond Clicks: Rethinking Consent and User Control in the Age of AI", Barcelona, Spain, 2026.

2.Ashley Marie Walker, Michael Ann DeVito, Karla Badillo-Urquiola, Rosanna Bellini, Stevie Chancellor, Jessica L. Feuston, Kathryn Henne, Patrick Gage Kelley, Shalaleh Rismani, Renee Shelby, Renwen Zhang. "What is Safety?": Building Bridges Across Approaches to Digital Risks and Harms. Companion Publication of the ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing (CSCW Companion '24), 2024.

trust & safetydigital safetysafetyframeworkresearch methods

3.Stephen Meisenbacher, Alexandra Klymenko, Patrick Gage Kelley, Sai Teja Peddinti, Kurt Thomas, Florian Matthes. Privacy Risks of General-Purpose AI Systems: A Foundation for Investigating Practitioner Perspectives. arXiv preprint arXiv:2407.02027, 2024.

privacydevelopersaigenerative aiframework

4.Elie Bursztein, Karla Brown, Leonie Sanderson, Patrick Gage Kelley. Leveraging Virtual Reality to Enhance Diversity, Equity and Inclusion Training at Google. Extended Abstracts of the ACM CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA '24), 522:1–522:7, 2024.

virtual realitydiversityequityinclusiondei traininginteractive learningworkplace

5.Patrick Gage Kelley, Allison Woodruff. Advancing Explainability Through AI Literacy and Design Resources. Interactions, 30(5):34–38, 2023.

explainabilityaigenerative aiactivitydigital literacyai literacy

6.Patrick Gage Kelley, Yongwei Yang, Courtney Heldreth, Christopher Moessner, Aaron Sedley, Allison Woodruff. "Mixture of Amazement at the Potential of This Technology and Concern About Possible Pitfalls": Public Sentiment towards AI in 15 Countries. IEEE Data Engineering Bulletin, 44(4):28–46, 2021.

aipublic opinionsurveyattitudesglobal

7.Allison Woodruff, Yasmin Asare Anderson, Katherine Jameson Armstrong, Marina Gkiza, Jay Jennings, Christopher Moessner, Fernanda Viégas, Martin Wattenberg, Lynette Webb, Fabian Wrede, Patrick Gage Kelley. "A Cold, Technical Decision-Maker": Can AI Provide Explainability, Negotiability, and Humanity?. arXiv preprint arXiv:2012.00874, 2020.

accountabilitydecision-makingaiexplainabilityinterpretabilitytransparency

8.Ben Zevenbergen, Allison Woodruff, Patrick Gage Kelley. Explainability Case Studies. CSCW 2020 Workshop on Ethics in Design, 2020.

explainabilityaccountabilityaicase studiesdecision-makingethicsmachine learningtransparency

9.Wei Bai, Michael Pearson, Patrick Gage Kelley, Michelle L. Mazurek. Improving Non-Experts' Understanding of End-to-End Encryption: An Exploratory Study. 2020 IEEE European Symposium on Security and Privacy Workshops (EuroS&PW), 2020.

encryptionsecurityusabilitymental modelsdigital literacymessaging

10.Jessica Vitak, Pamela Wisniewski, Xinru Page, Airi Lampinen, Eden Litt, Ralf De Wolf, Patrick Gage Kelley, Manya Sleeper. The Future of Networked Privacy: Challenges and Opportunities. Companion of the ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work & Social Computing (CSCW Companion '15), 267–272, 2015.

networked privacyinformation disclosuresocial mediaprivacysocial networks

11.Anand Paturi, Patrick Gage Kelley, Subhasish Mazumdar. Introducing Privacy Threats from Ad Libraries to Android Users Through Privacy Granules. Proceedings of the NDSS Workshop on Usable Security (USEC '15), 2015.

privacyandroidadvertisingpermissionsinformation designsurvey

12.Patrick Gage Kelley, Javier Chavez. Comparative Privacy Displays in App Marketplaces. Preprint, 2015.

13.Patrick Gage Kelley. Privacy as Iconography: [Failing to] Reduce Complex Concepts to Pixels. 5th Annual Symposium on Communicating Complex Information (SCCI), 2015.

14.Fernando Serrano Doncel, Patrick Gage Kelley. Exploring Anonymity Online. Poster, 10th Annual UNM CS Student Conference (CSSC), Albuquerque, NM, 2014.

15.Amir Arbabshirani, Patrick Gage Kelley. Privacy Panel, A Facebook Application. Poster, 10th Annual UNM CS Student Conference (CSSC), Albuquerque, NM, 2014.

16.Blase Ur, Saranga Komanduri, Richard Shay, Stephanos Matsumoto, Lujo Bauer, Nicolas Christin, Lorrie Faith Cranor, Patrick Gage Kelley, Michelle L. Mazurek, Timothy Vidas. Poster: The Art of Password Creation. IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (S&P '13), Poster Session, 2013.

passwordsusabilitysecuritypassword strength

17.Patrick Gage Kelley, Manya Sleeper, Justin Cranshaw. Conducting Research on Twitter: A Call for Guidelines and Metrics. Workshop on Measuring Networked Social Privacy, CSCW '13, 2013.

twitterdataprivacyregretsirbresearch methods

18.Blase Ur, Patrick Gage Kelley, Saranga Komanduri, Joel Lee, Michael Maass, Michelle L. Mazurek, Timothy Passaro, Richard Shay, Timothy Vidas, Lujo Bauer, Nicolas Christin, Lorrie Faith Cranor, Serge Egelman, Julio Lopez. Helping Users Create Better Passwords. ;login:, 37(6), December 2012.

passwordsusabilitysecuritypassword strengthdesign

19.Patrick Gage Kelley, Sunny Consolvo, Lorrie Faith Cranor, Jaeyeon Jung, Norman Sadeh, David Wetherall. A Conundrum of Permissions: Installing Applications on an Android Smartphone. Proceedings of the Workshop on Usable Security (USEC), Financial Cryptography (FC '12), 2012.

🏆 USEC 2025 Test of Time Award.

privacysecurityandroidapplicationssmartphonepermissionsinformation design

20.Xiao Sophia Wang, David Choffnes, Patrick Gage Kelley, Ben Greenstein, David Wetherall. Measuring and Predicting Web Login Safety. ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on Measurements Up the STack (W-MUST) 2011, 2011.

web loginsencryptionhttpspersonal informationsecurityauthentication

21.Patrick Gage Kelley, Janice Tsai, Lorrie Faith Cranor, Norman Sadeh. Location-Sharing Technologies: Privacy Risks and Controls. PriMo 2011, 2011.

location sharingprivacygpsprivacy controls

22.Norman Sadeh, Patrick Gage Kelley. User-Controllable Location Privacy. PriMo 2011, 2011.

location sharingprivacygpsprivacy controls

23.Patrick Gage Kelley, Lucian Cesca, Joanna Bresee, Lorrie Faith Cranor. Intentional Privacy Policy Design. CHI Workshop on Networked Privacy, 2011.

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24.Matthew Kay, Eun Kyoung Choe, Jesse Shepherd, Ben Greenstein, Sunny Consolvo, Patrick Gage Kelley, Julie Kientz. Lullaby: Environmental Sensing for Sleep Self-Improvement. Workshop on Personal Informatics, CHI '11, 2011.

personal informaticssleepenvironmental sensing

25.Rebecca Balebako, Pedro G. Leon, Hazim Almuhimedi, Patrick Gage Kelley, Jonathan Mugan, Alessandro Acquisti, Lorrie Faith Cranor, Norman Sadeh. Nudging Users Towards Privacy on Mobile Devices. CHI Workshop on Persuasion, Nudge, Influence and Coercion (PINC), 2011.

nudgeprivacysecuritylocation sharingmobile devicessoft paternalism

26.Eran Toch, Justin Cranshaw, Paul Hankes Drielsma, Jay Springfield, Patrick Gage Kelley, Lorrie Faith Cranor, Jason I. Hong, Norman Sadeh. Locaccino: A Privacy-Centric Location Sharing Application. Adjunct Proceedings of the 12th ACM International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing (UbiComp '10), 2010.

location sharingprivacymobile social technology

27.Patrick Gage Kelley. Conducting Usable Privacy & Security Studies with Amazon's Mechanical Turk. USER Workshop, SOUPS 2010, 2010.

mechanical turkcrowdsourcingexperimental designusabilityprivacy

28.Brendan Meeder, Jennifer Tam, Patrick Gage Kelley, Lorrie Faith Cranor. RT @IWantPrivacy: Widespread Violation of Privacy Settings in the Twitter Social Network. Web 2.0 Security and Privacy Workshop (W2SP) 2010, 2010.

twittersocial mediaprivacy controlsprivacysocial networks

29.Janice Tsai, Patrick Gage Kelley, Lorrie Faith Cranor, Norman Sadeh. The Risk and Benefit Perceptions of Location-Sharing Technologies. Telecommunications Policy Research Conference (TPRC) 2009, 2009.

location sharingprivacyprivacy controlsrisk perceptionpolicy

30.Robert W. Reeder, Patrick Gage Kelley, Aleecia M. McDonald, Lorrie Faith Cranor. A User Study of the Expandable Grid Applied to P3P Policy Visualization. Proceedings of the 7th ACM Workshop on Privacy in the Electronic Society (WPES '08), 2008.

privacyp3pexpandable gridpolicyuser interfaces

31.Patrick Gage Kelley, Paul Hankes Drielsma, Norman Sadeh, Lorrie Faith Cranor. User-Controllable Learning of Security and Privacy Policies. Proceedings of the 1st ACM Workshop on Security and Artificial Intelligence (AISec '08), 2008.

securityprivacypolicyusabilityuser-controllable learningmachine learning

32.Joseph K. Bradley, Patrick Gage Kelley, Aaron Roth. Author Identification from Citations. Poster, Carnegie Mellon University, 2008.

machine learningauthorship attributionblind reviewdeanonymization

33.Madhu Prabaker, Jinghai Rao, Ian Fette, Patrick Gage Kelley, Lorrie Faith Cranor, Jason I. Hong, Norman Sadeh. Understanding and Capturing People's Privacy Policies in a People Finder Application. UbiComp Workshop on Privacy, Innsbruck, Austria, 2007.

location sharingprivacygpsprivacy controlsmobile social technology

1.Allison Woodruff, Reena Jana, Patrick Gage Kelley, Derrick Feldmann, Colleen Thompson-Kuhn. Calibrating Trustworthiness in GenAI. White Paper, Ad Council Research Institute, 2025.

generative aiaitrustai literacypublic opinionmistakes

2.Kevin R.B. Butler, Sunny Consolvo, Katie Siek, Tammy Toscos, Pamela Wisniewski, Haley Griffin, Nazanin Andalibi, Rosa I. Arriaga, Beenish Moalla Chaudhry, Munmun De Choudhury, Jeremy Epstein, Oliver L. Haimson, Sharon Heung, Zaidat Ibrahim, Patrick Gage Kelley, Vera Khovanskaya, Anna Lenhart, Aqueasha Martin-Hammond, Jessica McClearn, Vivian Genaro Motti, Chinasa T. Okolo, Jessica Pater, Wanda Pratt, Sydney Saubestre, Vincent M.B. Silenzio, Dhanaraj Thakur, Alexandra To, Emily Tseng, Rebecca Umbach. Supporting At-Risk Users Through Responsible Computing. CCC Visioning Workshop Report, Computing Research Association, October 2025.

at-risk usersproduct designresearch methodsworkshop

3.Patrick Gage Kelley, Saranga Komanduri, Michelle L. Mazurek, Richard Shay, Timothy Vidas, Lujo Bauer, Nicolas Christin, Lorrie Faith Cranor. Guess Again (and Again and Again): Measuring Password Strength by Simulating Password-Cracking Algorithms. CMU-CyLab-11-008, October 2011.

passwordssecurityusabilitypassword strengthguessability

4.Patrick Gage Kelley, Michael Benisch, Norman Sadeh, Lorrie Faith Cranor. When are Users Comfortable Sharing Locations with Advertisers?. CMU-CyLab-10-017, October 2010.

location sharingadvertisingprivacyexpressivenessprivacy controls

5.Michael Benisch, Patrick Gage Kelley, Norman Sadeh, Lorrie Faith Cranor. Capturing Location-Privacy Preferences: Quantifying Accuracy and User-Burden Tradeoffs. CMU-ISR-10-105, March 2010.

expressivenessusabilityprivacylocation sharingweb servicessocial networksmechanism design

6.Patrick Gage Kelley, Lucian Cesca, Joanna Bresee, Lorrie Faith Cranor. Standardizing Privacy Notices: An Online Study of the Nutrition Label Approach. CMU-CyLab-09-014, November 2009.

privacypolicyinformation designstandardizationnutrition labelnoticesurvey

7.Michael Benisch, Patrick Gage Kelley, Norman Sadeh, Tuomas Sandholm, Lorrie Faith Cranor, Paul Hankes Drielsma, Janice Tsai. The Impact of Expressiveness on the Effectiveness of Privacy Mechanisms for Location Sharing. CMU-ISR-08-141, December 2008.

expressivenessusabilityprivacylocation sharingweb servicessocial networksmechanism design

1.Patrick Gage Kelley. Designing Privacy Notices: Supporting User Understanding and Control. Ph.D. Thesis, Carnegie Mellon University.

privacynoticeusabilityuser interfacessecuritymobilepolicyp3phciinformation design